AGNP BOARD EXAM CARDIOVASCULAR PRESRIBING (113 Question and Answers)

1. Signs and symptoms of digitalis toxicity include:

2. A side effect of beta-blockers that is more common in children than adults is:

3. Spironolactone (Aldactone) is highly protein bound and has a duration of:

4. Nonselective beta-blockers block the stimulation of:

5. Dabigatran (Pradaxa), an anticoagulant, is also classified as a:

6. The brand name for candesartan cilexetil is:

7. Gemfibrozil (Lopid), for the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, is classified as a:

8. In patients with normal renal function, the diuretic that has the greater antihypertensive effect is:

9. An adverse effect of statin therapy for the treatment of hyperlipidemia is:

10. Nitroglycerin sublingual (Nitrostat) tablets should be stored:

11. Patients taking warfarin (Coumadin) therapy should:

12. Non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (i.e. verapamil) may be safely used in patients with:

13. The generic name for Lopressor is:

14. A patient is taking isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) at 8 am, 2 pm and 9 pm and reports that the medication is no longer effective. The nurse practitioner knows that:

15. Of the angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension, the one with the longest biological half-life at 24 hours is:

16. A patient who has warfarin (Coumadin) toxicity should be treated with:

17. Clopidogrel (Plavix), an anticoagulant, may be coadministered with:

18. Which of the following drugs blocks the action of aldosterone in order to produce diuresis?

19. The lipid-lowering agent that has been proven most effective in raising high-density lipoprotein levels is:

20. A patient taking spironolactone (Aldactone) has a serum potassium of 5.8 meq/L. The nurse practitioner should:

21. The mechanism of action of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in lowering blood pressure is to:

22. The diuretic that blocks the reabsorption of sodium and water in the loop of Henle to produce diuresis is:

23. A 2-year-old child has a history of heart failure. To increase the force of ventricular contraction and decrease heart rate, the most appropriate drug choice is:

24. A common side effect of cardioselective beta-blockers such as labetalol (Trandate) is:

25. A patient is receiving furosemide (Lasix) for edema secondary to heart failure. The patient should be informed that furosemide (Lasix) may cause:

26. The loop diuretic with the longest half-life is:

27. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as ramipril (Altace) should not be used:

28. A child who is receiving furosemide (Lasix) to treat heart failure should be monitored for:

29. Enoxaparin (Lovenox) is classified as a(n):

30. When prescribing nitroglycerin for the treatment of angina, the first-pass effect bioavailability should be considered with:

31. Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil) is indicated for the treatment of:

32. A patient with a prosthetic heart valve is taking warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The appropriate action prior to dental surgery is to:

33. The efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may be enhanced, without an increase in side effects, when administered in combination with:

34. A 3-year-old patient has a history of congenital heart disease. To reduce the afterload and decrease right and left atrial pressures, the drug of choice should be:

35. Statins lower cholesterol by:

36. The negative inotropic activity of nifedipine (Adalat CC) that leads to an exacerbation of heart failure may be further pronounced if combined with:

37. Which beta-blocker is highly variable in bioavailability, has a shorter plasma half-life, is mostly lipid-soluble, and is almost completely absorbed by the small intestine?

38. Avoid concomitant use of oral digoxin (Lanoxin) and:

39. A patient being treated with enoxaparin (Lovenox) twice daily for atrial fibrillation is scheduled for surgery. The patient should be advised to:

40. The onset of anticoagulation action for warfarin (Coumadin) is:

41. Beta-blockers such as atenolol (Tenormin) should not be used in patients with:

42. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) should NOT be administered in combination with:

43. Enoxaparin (Lovenox), used in the prevention of deep vein thrombosis, should be administered:

44. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) lower blood pressure by:

45. Protamine sulfate, used to reduce the bleeding caused by low molecular weight heparin, should be used cautiously in patients who are allergic to:

46. Aliskiren (Tekturna), a renin inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of:

47. The dosage of apixaban (Eliquis) in the treatment of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation should be reduced for the patient with a(n):

48. A patient is receiving atenolol (Toprol XL) for angina and needs to be started on a second agent for hypertension. Caution should be used if prescribing:

49. While taking aliskiren (Tekturna), the patient should be advised to avoid:

50. Which medication is considered a cholesterol absorption inhibitor?

51. Inotropes (positive or negative) are indicated for patients diagnosed with:

52. The side effect profile of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is similar to the side effects of:

53. Which of the following is a brand name for enoxaparin?

54. To reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease, the patient should be treated with:

55. Beta-blockers that block the beta-2 receptors may cause:

56. Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy may be safely used by a patient who has:

57. The recommended pharmacologic management of elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease is:

58. Concomitant use of beta-blockers with digitalis glycosides can increase the risk of:

59. Baseline and periodic monitoring for patients receiving hydralazine (Apresoline) should include serum:

60. The recommended prophylactic treatment agent for infective endocarditis is:

61. Bile acid sequestrants such as colesevelam (Welchol):

62. Ranolazine (Ranexa) is indicated in the treatment of:

63. Gemfibrozil (Lopid) should be discontinued if:

64. A 52-year-old man is receiving metoprolol tartrate (Lopressor) after a myocardial infarction. This patient should be educated to:

65. Hydralazine (Apresoline) is indicated for the treatment of:

66. By decreasing cardiac output, beta-blockers may also:

67. The generic name for Vasotec is:

68. It is safe to use ranolazine (Ranexa) concomitantly with:

69. The medication that produces vasodilation and thus lowers blood pressure by inhibiting the formation of angiotensin II is:

70. The maximum benefits of fibrates on triglyceride reduction occur at approximately:

71. For the patient receiving dabigatran (Pradaxa) who needs anticoagulation reversal, the nurse practitioner knows that:

72. Bile acid sequestrants to treat hypercholesterolemia should be dosed:

73. Direct thrombin inhibitors such as dabigatran (Pradaxa) are NOT indicated for:

74. An adverse reaction to angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in the treatment of hypertension is:

75. Beta-blockers that block the beta-1 receptors cause a(n):

76. Aliskiren (Tekturna), used in the treatment of essential hypertension, is classified as a(n):

77. Loop diuretics such as bumetanide (Bumex):

78. Initial and routine monitoring of patients receiving spironolactone (Aldactone) includes:

79. Signs of digoxin toxicity in a 2-year-old with heart failure is:

80. Patients should be advised to take ezetimibe (Zetia), a cholesterol absorption inhibitor,:

81. The peak effect of enalapril (Vasotec), an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, occurs in:

82. An angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) that is indicated for the treatment of hypertension in children younger than 6 years old is:

83. Apixaban (Eliquis) may be a better choice than warfarin (Coumadin) in the patient who:

84. Increased toxicity effects may be experienced when administering furosemide (Lasix) with:

85. Patients receiving short-acting nitrates for the management of acute angina should be advised of the potential for:

86. A common side effect of niacin (Niaspan) is:

87. The mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in lowering blood pressure is to:

88. Reduced doses of lovastatin (Mevacor) are recommended when used concomitantly with:

89. Nitrates cause vasodilation of veins and coronary arteries by:

90. The brand name for isosorbide dinitrate is:

91. Aliskiren (Tekturna) should not be administered concurrently with:

92. Triamterene (Dyrenium), a diuretic, should not be used in the presence of:

93. An example of a cardioselective beta-blocker used in the treatment of heart failure is:

94. What is the earliest time a digoxin level can be obtained on a patient whose most recent dose was at 7 am?

95. A common side effect of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) such as candesartan (Atacand) is:

96. Nifedipine (Adalat CC), a calcium channel blocker, is indicated in the treatment of:

97. Aspirin can be prescribed for children who have rheumatic fever, pericarditis, or:

98. Fibric acid derivatives such as fenofibrate (Tricor) should be discontinued if:

99. Cardioselective beta-blockers:

100. Baseline and follow-up monitoring of ranolazine (Ranexa) should include:

101. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) use in infants and children is:

102. Warfarin (Coumadin) should be administered:

103. Patients who are started on olmesartan (Benicar) should be advised to report:

104. Ranolazine (Ranexa) exerts antianginal and anti-ischemic effects by:

105. What is the maximum half-life elimination of warfarin (Coumadin)?

106. Thiazide diuretics are indicated for the treatment of:

107. A disadvantage of vitamin K antagonists for anticoagulation is their:

108. An example of a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker is:

109. To reduce the flushing effects caused by nifedipine (Adalat CC), it should be taken with:

110. The brand name for hydralazine is:

111. When prescribing angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension, the patient should be instructed to:

112. Increased adverse events are likely with the concomitant use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors such as ramipril (Altace) and:

113. A common side effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used in the treatment of hypertension is: