NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final - Rasmussen

NUR 2063 Essentials of Pathophysiology Final Exam – Ramussen

184 Question and Answers

1. Neither recessive nor dominant—co-dominant.

2. blood flow reestablished to quickly

3. Life-threatening complication of many conditions

4. thyroid gland - T3, T4, calcitonin parathyroid gland - parathyroid hormone

5. altered level of consciousness BP drops

6. chest pain that occurs while a person is at rest and not exerting himself does not get better

7. Abnormally low white blood cell count

8. damage to the alveoli air can get in, but not out emphysema lecture

9. Manifestations

10. Not enough ADH

11. Homozygous.

12. Frequently caused by aspirin—prevents the conversion of prostaglandins, which stimulate leukotriene release, a powerful bronchoconstrictor.

13. pulmonary edema, wet coughing, shortness of breath, and dyspnea

14. Result from direct injury to the spinal cord or indirectly from damage to surrounding bones, tissues, or blood vessels.

15. high blood pressure damages two organs

16. Tends to be more sudden and severe

17. Chronic inflammatory disease characterized by thickening and hardening of the arterial wall.

18. kidney injury and prerenal injury can lead to

19. Second most common blood cancer

20. Increased volume in the cranial cavity

21. Thalassemia major is the most severe form of beta thalassemia. It develops when beta globin genes are missing. The symptoms of thalassemia major generally appear before a child's second birthday. The severe anemia related to this condition can be life-threatening.

22. Left ventricle cannot maintain adequate cardiac output.

23. decreased blood volume

24. Blue bloaters"

25. Prolonged elevation in blood pressure.

26. strokes caused by blockage in a blood vessel in the brain Ischemic damage is permanent

27. Staging

28. make glucagon - helps raise blood sugar levels

29. has Reed-Sternberg cells

30. Manifestations: dyspnea, labored and shallow respirations, rales, productive cough with frothy sputum, hypoxia, cyanosis, fever, hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, confusion, lethargy, and anxiety

31. inflammation of the meninges

32. damage to the brain caused by a different disorder injury responding to something else

33. Another word for homeostasis

34. No Reed-Sternberg cells

35. objective evidence of disease such as a fever

36. Primary Infection

37. Caused by a reaction to substances at work.

38. Debilitating chronic disorders characterized by irreversible, progressive tissue degeneration and airway obstruction.

39. shows brain's electrical activity by positioning electrodes over the scalp

40. Vary depending on the degree of damage and the specific nerves affected.

41. Heterozygous.

42. paralysis caused by damage to the area of the brain responsible for movement no cure can be first noticed in utero

43. A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.

44. make insulin - take glucose into cells

45. Manifestations

46. Acquired outside the hospital or healthcare setting

47. Most common form Develops gradually over time

48. Decreased blood volume or circulatory stagnation resulting in inadequate tissue and organ perfusion

49. Makes protein

50. Rapidly developing respiratory failure

51. acidosis alkalosis respiratory metabolic

52. widespread simultaneous bleeding and clotting

53. Result from meningeal irritation and neurologic damage.

54. level of consciousness

55. What to do if a suspected spinal cord injury

56. oxygen levels are down CO2 levels are up

57. X-linked recessive bleeding disorder

58. Venous return reduces because of external blood volume losses.

59. Manifestations: leukopenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy, joint swelling, bone pain, weight loss, anorexia, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and central nervous system dysfunction

60. fast metabolism weight loss thin agitated elevated HR hot

61. a hormone cascade pathway that helps regulate blood pressure and blood volume kidney secretes it

62. An inflammation of the skin caused by having contact with allergens

63. Confined to a single lobe

64. pressure inside the skull swelling in brain

65. inflammation of the appendix right lower quadrant pain

66. Develops more than 48 hours after a hospital admission

67. the gland that secretes ADH Anti-diuretic hormone also called vasopressin

68. syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone too much ADH

69. Affects primarily adults

70. chest pain that persists shoulder pain jaw pain

71. 22-26

72. pH below 7.35

73. pH above 7.45

74. subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache

75. Causes: infectious agents, injurious agents or events, and pulmonary secretion stasis

76. Excessive allergic reaction

77. Complications: myocardial infarction, heart failure, dysrhythmias, and sudden death

78. occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks or ruptures; also known as a bleed

79. both sides of heart failure will cause this to be compromised

80. Inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree or large bronchi

81. Occurs in the areas between the alveoli

82. demyelination - destruction to the myelin sheath disruptions in nerve impulse conduction

83. calcium and phosphorus are stored there

84. "Pink puffers."

85. Causes: impaired gag reflex, improper lower esophageal sphincter closure, inappropriate gastric tube placement

86. system wide infection severe inflammation due to a pathogen

87. atherosclerotic plaque builds up and damages the endothelium of the coronary arteries

88. stress hormone released by the adrenal glands on kidneys

89. computed tomography scan

90. Narrowing of the peripheral vessels

91. A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems. excessive amounts of mucus in lungs

92. Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord, usually resulting from an infection.

93. fatigue pale shortness of breath heavy breathing

94. a condition caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

95. chest pain that occurs when a person is active or under severe stress will get better

96. pressure change in lungs

97. A condition associated with closed TBIs momentary interruption of brain function

98. emphysema chronic bronchitis

99. damage directly to the brain

100. Atherosclerotic changes of the coronary arteries

101. increased intensity or frequency, does not go away with demand reduction, or occurs at rest

102. Peripheral edema (legs and hands common)

103. two kinds:

104. An immunological disorder in which the immune system turns against itself

105. Hypertension first seen in pregnancy

106. Cancers affect lymphatic system

107. A disorder of the central nervous system that affects, motor, movement, often including tremors. neurotransmitter lacking

108. another name for stroke oxygen and blood flow is lacking to the brain

109. air sacs in the lung where gas exchange occurs.

110. inflammation of the bladder

111. Seizure: transient physical or behavior alteration that results from an abnormal electrical activity in the brain

112. swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus liver is the problem

113. can't be changed age, family history

114. electrolytes that are higher concentrated within the cell

115. cancer cells that spread

116. low oxygen extreme pain trouble breathing hemoglobin is crescent shaped

117. lungs - narrow and constrict capillary - dilate / increase

118. loss of bone density

119. Death of the myocardium.

120. Manifestations: cyanotic or plethoric skin, high blood pressure, tachycardia, dyspnea, headaches, visual abnormalities

121. Manifestations: productive and nonproductive cough, dyspnea, wheezing, low-grade fever, pharyngitis, malaise, and chest discomfort

122. First stage - clotting vascular spasm Platelets aggregate

123. Epilepsy: seizure disorder resulting from spontaneous firing of abnormal neurons; characterized by recurrent seizures for which there is no underlying or correctable cause

124. Chronic disorder that results in intermittent, reversible airway obstruction

125. the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, sneezing, laughing, or coughing

126. Inflammation of the meninges, usually resulting from an infection.

127. compression or severing to the spinal cord disc herniation

128. A decrease of plasma protein. The pressure change causes a fluid shift.

129. Cervical injuries can affect both the upper and lower extremities and include breathing difficulties, loss of normal bowel and bladder control, paresthesia, sensory changes, spasticity, pain, weakness, paralysis, blood pressure instability, temperature fluctuations, and diaphoresis.

130. Results from a decreased number of erythrocytes, reduction of hemoglobin, or presence of abnormal

131. Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal

132. low blood sodium neurological problems

133. Usually caused by a sudden and violent blow or jolt to the head (closed injury) or a penetrating (open injury) head wound that disrupts the normal brain function.

134. Affects primarily adults

135. low platelet count

136. inflammation of the lungs immunocompromised people are most at risk for this

137. sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

138. Diagnosis: history, physical examination (including using the Glasgow Coma scale), head computed tomography, head magnetic resonance imaging, and ICP monitoring

139. clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung

140. Increased IgE synthesis and airway inflammation, resulting in mast cell destruction and inflammatory mediator release.

141. Manifestations: hypoventilation, hypoxemia, cyanosis, hypercapnia, polycythemia, clubbing of fingers, dyspnea at rest, wheezing, edema, weight gain, malaise, chest pain, and fever

142. Manifestations: fever, chills, mental status changes, nausea, vomiting, photophobia, severe headache, stiff neck (meningismus), agitation, bulging fontanel, decreased consciousness, opisthotonos (abnormal positioning that involves rigidity and severe arching of the back with the head thrown backward), poor feeding or irritability in children, tachypnea, and rash

143. Abnormally high erythrocytes

144. Caused by the bacillus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

145. Secondary infection

146. Usually occurs between 3:00 and 7:00 a.m.

147. 7.35-7.45

148. Leads to DVT venous Stasis (sluggish), increase blood coagulation, damage to vein wall (endothelial damage)

149. electrocardiogram diagnostic tool used for Myocardial Infarction looks at 12 angles

150. involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

151. Manifestations: dyspnea upon exertion, diminished breath sounds, wheezing, chest tightness, tachypnea, hypoxia, hypercapnia, increased anterior-posterior thoracic diameter (from 1:2 to 1:1), activity intolerance, anorexia, and malaise

152. goes away with demand reduction

153. which factor involved with Hemophilia A

154. A DVT in the lower extremity can cause this

155. air in pleural space

156. inflammation of the brain tissue

157. change in level of consciousness can do an EEG

158. Complications

159. Not an allergic reaction

160. Affects primarily children

161. Most common form of dementia.

162. Affects primarily adults

163. Manifestations

164. Usually occurs 10-15 minutes after activity.

165. The process of inspiration and expiration

166. changeable or controllable life style, smoking, diet

167. mom to baby

168. Controls fight or flight response Heart rate increases

169. complicated condition that can occur when someone has severe sepsis or septic shock.

170. Manifestations: tissue ischemia and abnormal bleeding

171. constipation tired gain weight cold

172. Life-threatening condition resulting in severe lung damage and nutrition deficits

173. Manifestations: productive cough, hemoptysis, night sweats, fever, chills, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, anorexia, and symptoms depending on other organ involvement

174. Autosomal dominant inheritance

175. Inadequate pumping

176. A form of peripheral vascular disease in which there is partial or total blockage of an artery, usually one leading to a leg or arm.

177. Manifestations

178. wheezing SOB - shortness of breath cough

179. Manifestations: meconium ileus, salty skin, steatorrhea, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, chronic cough, hypoxia, fatigue, activity intolerance, audible rhonchi, and delayed growth and development

180. Most frequent type

181. yellow skin yellow sclera

182. Air in the pleural cavity

183. 35-45

184. Especially intense form